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Tetany suspicion Physical Examination

The doctor may perform the following examination or exploration:
.Control of Cardiac Frequency (Normal: 60 to 100 beats/minute)
.Control of Breathing Frequency (Normal: 16 to 20 breathing cycles/minute)
.Control of Temperature (Normal: 36,5 - 37 °C)
.Control of Blood Pressure (Normal: ≤ 120/80 mmHg)
Evaluation of movements: Observation
Chvostek sign exploration: the doctor will give a small tap near to the auditory canal and will observe the spasms of the muscles of the face.
Trousseau sign exploration: the doctor will inflamed the cuff used in the pressure test to a point in which s/he will observe the spasms the muscles of the forearm (part of the arm from the elbow to the wrist)

Throat Culture with quick test to detect GABHS

Test in which, through a sample, with a cotton swab of throat secretions, it is possible to know if there is an infection of the bacteria Betahemolitic Group A Streptococus .

Tzanck Test

Tzanck test is an examination to confirm an infection of the Herpes virus, both those caused by Simplex Hepres type I and II and varicella-zoster virus.
It consists of a sample of the injury produced by this virus. This sample, obtained through curettage of the injury, is put over a sheet or slide; it’s dyed with a colorant and observed in search of cells infected with the herpes virus.
The examination doesn’t have any risk.

(Haemogram (paediatric)

Pediatric Hemogram, Normal Values based on age: Hematocrit:
1 to 3 días: 44-72 %
2 months: 28-42%
6 to 12 years: 35-45 %
12 to 18 years: 37-49% (in men) y 36-46 %(in women)

Hemoglobin: 1 to 3 days: 14,5 -22,5 g/dl
2 months: 9 - 14 g/dl.
6 to 12 years: 11,5 - 15,5 g/dl.
12 to 18 years: 13 - 16 g/dl (in men) y 12 - 16 g/dl (in women)

Leucocytes or White blood cells: :
When born: 9-30 x 1000 células/mm3
1°day: 9,4-34 x 1000 células/mm3
1 month: 5-19,5 x 1000/mm3
1-3 years: 6-17,5 x 1000/mm3
4-7 years: 5,5-15,5 x 1000/mm3
8 to 13 years: 4,5-13,5 x 1000/mm3
More than 13 years: 4,5-11,5 x 1000/mm3

-Neutrophils 54% to 62%
-Neutrophils in band: 3 to 5%
-Lymphocytes: 25 to 33%
-Monocytes: 3 to 7%
-Eosinophils: 1 to 3 %
-Basophils: 0 to 0,75%

Platelets:

First 7 days since birth: 84.000-478.000/mm3
Older than 7 days, onward: 150.000 to 400.000/mm3.

(Prolactin)

Prolactin:
Normal value: 0 to 20 ng/ml

17-hydroxiprogesterone

17-hydroxiprogesterone
Follicular Phase: 20 to 100 ng/100 mL
Ovulation Phase: 100 to 250 ng/100 mL
Luteinic Phase: 100 to 500 ng/100 mL

17-hydroxyprogesterone

17-hydroxyprogesterone
Follicular phase: 20 to 100 ng/100 mL
Ovulatory phase: 100 to 250 ng/100 mL
Luteal phase: 100 to 500 ng/100 mL

Abdominal pain in children Physical Examination

The doctor may perform the following exam or exploration:
.Control of Cardiac Frequency: Norma valuesl: Newborn: 120 to 160 beats/minute, 1 and 2 years 110-120 beats/minute, 3 to 12 years 100 beats/minute, 13 years onward 75/80 beats/minute.
.Control of Breathing Frequency Normal values: Newborn 30 to 60 breathing cycles/minute, 1 and 2 years 20 to 40 breathing cycles/minute, 3 years onward 15/25 breathing cycles/minute.
.Control of Temperature (Normal: 36,4 - 37 °C)
Control of weight and height
Abdominal examination:
Observation (or Inspection)
Palpation (or touching) to know if any spot causes you pain and to recognise whether there is any injury perceptible to touch.
Listening to the abdominal sounds (bowl sounds).
Percussion (give repetitive blows): to know how every part of the abdomen sounds like.
Examination of skin and mucous membranes (of the mouth): if they are pale, dry or not.

Abdominal pain Physical Examination

The doctor may perform the following examination or exploration:
.Control of Cardiac Frequency (Normal: 60 to 100 beats/minute)
.Control of Breathing Frequency (Normal: 16 to 20 breathing cycles/minute)
.Control of Temperature (Normal: 36,5 - 37 °C)
.Control of Blood Pressure (Normal: ≤ 120/80 mmHg)

Ablation with catheter

It's an invasive procedure in which a catheter is placed inside the heart to detect the areas causing arrhythmias and annul them with an electric impulse. It's done under sedation and the catheter is placed through a vein in the neck or inner thigh (with local anaesthesia) and it can be seen how it reaches the heart through x-ray. This procedure may last up to 4 to 5 hours.

Absence of menstruation Physical Examination

The doctor may perform the following examination or exploration:
.Control of Cardiac Frequency (Normal: 60 to 100 beats/minute)
.Control of Breathing Frequency (Normal: 16 to 20 breathing cycles/minute)
.Control of Temperature (Normal: 36,5 - 37 °C)
.Control of Blood Pressure (Normal: ≤ 120/80 mmHg)
Abdomen examination:
Observation (or Inspection)
Palpation (or touching): to know if there is any place that causes pain.
Listening the noises of the abdomen (hydroaerial noises)
Percussion (give repetitive taps): to know how each part of the abdomen sounds like.
External genitalia Observation (vulva, labia, clítoris)
Vaginal touching (according to the case): this examination allows evaluating through touching the characteristics (size, shape, consistency, location, etc.)
-Cervix
-Uterus
-Ovaries
-Fallopian tube
Breast Examination:
Observation (or Inspection)
Palpation
Evaluation of liquid coming out the nipple, spontaneously or with compression.
Thyroid gland Examination:
Palpation with the fingers, at the height of the neck or Adam’s apple, to determine the size, shape, and its characteristics.
Skin examination, mucous (of the mouth) and skin appendages (nails and hairs)

Acetylcholine receptor antibody

It's a blood analysis that measures the amount in blood of a substance called Acetylcholine receptor antibody. This antibody prevents acetylcholine to complete its function: take signals to the nerves in charge of impulses in the muscles with its subsequent muscle contraction.
This analysis is used to diagnosed a disease called Myasthenia Gravis.
Generally: there are no antibodies against Acetylcholine receptor antibody in blood or their amount is minimal (less than 0,5 nm/lt), based on the values of each lab).

Acid-base state

Normal Values
PCO2: 35 to 45 mm Hg.
HCO3: 20 to 25meq/l (less than 2 years)andy 22 to 26 meq/l (more than 2 years)
PH: 7,35 to 7,45
Base excess: /- 2 meq/l

Activated charcoal

It's a substance used to neutralize the action of certain toxic substances. It's diluted in water and administrated orally or with a nasogastric catheter. It's most effective within the first hour of having ingested the toxic.

Acute Sinusitis suspicion Physical Examination

The doctor may perform the following examination or exploration:
.Control of Cardiac Frequency (Normal: 60 to 100 beats/minute)
.Control of Breathing Frequency (Normal: 16 to 20 breathing cycles/minute)
.Control of Temperature (Normal: 36,5 - 37 °C)
.Control of Blood Pressure (Normal: ≤ 120/80 mmHg)
.Skin and mucous Examination (of mouth and eyes)
-Fauces Examination (mouth and throat)
-Neck palpation
-Face palpation (painful areas)
Transillumination: In a dark room with a torch both sides of the face are illuminated, below the eyes, and with the mouth open. It is possible to see the presence of mucus in the paranasal sinuses.

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